Help with DMPFinder in minfi package
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@srinivas-srikanth-4708
Last seen 10.2 years ago
Hello Members, I am using Minfi package to analyze 450k data. I have three different groups of samples and one common control. I did the normalization and other steps according to manual, but stuck at the differential methylation positions. When I use: M <- getM(MSet.norm, type = "beta", betaThreshold = 0.001) dmp1 <- dmpFinder(M, pheno=pd$Sample_Group, type="categorical") I want to get a table with probes and corresponding values in each group. the data.frame dmp1 does not tell me which group has what value? How can I do that? sessionInfo() R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit) locale: [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C [3] LC_TIME=en_US.utf8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.utf8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.utf8 [7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] minfiData_0.3.1 [2] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kmanifest_0.4.0 [3] minfi_1.4.0 [4] Biostrings_2.26.3 [5] GenomicRanges_1.10.7 [6] IRanges_1.16.6 [7] reshape_0.8.4 [8] plyr_1.8 [9] lattice_0.20-15 [10] Biobase_2.18.0 [11] BiocGenerics_0.4.0 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] affyio_1.26.0 annotate_1.36.0 AnnotationDbi_1.20.7 [4] beanplot_1.1 BiocInstaller_1.8.3 bit_1.1-10 [7] codetools_0.2-8 crlmm_1.16.9 DBI_0.2-7 [10] ellipse_0.3-8 ff_2.2-11 foreach_1.4.0 [13] genefilter_1.40.0 grid_2.15.2 iterators_1.0.6 [16] limma_3.14.4 MASS_7.3-23 Matrix_1.0-12 [19] matrixStats_0.8.1 mclust_4.1 multtest_2.14.0 [22] mvtnorm_0.9-9994 nor1mix_1.1-4 oligoClasses_1.20.0 [25] parallel_2.15.2 preprocessCore_1.20.0 RColorBrewer_1.0-5 [28] RcppEigen_0.3.1.2.1 R.methodsS3_1.4.2 RSQLite_0.11.3 [31] siggenes_1.32.0 splines_2.15.2 stats4_2.15.2 [34] survival_2.37-4 tools_2.15.2 XML_3.96-1.1 [37] xtable_1.7-1 zlibbioc_1.4.0 Regards, Srikanth -- Srinivas Srikanth Ph.D. Student Institute of Bioinformatics Discoverer, 7th Floor, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India Mob:+919019114878, India [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Normalization minfi Normalization minfi • 2.3k views
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@james-w-macdonald-5106
Last seen 2 days ago
United States
Hi Srinivas, On 6/19/2013 5:21 AM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: > Hello Members, > > I am using Minfi package to analyze 450k data. I have three different > groups of samples and one common control. I did the normalization and other > steps according to manual, but stuck at the differential methylation > positions. When I use: > > M<- getM(MSet.norm, type = "beta", betaThreshold = 0.001) > dmp1<- dmpFinder(M, pheno=pd$Sample_Group, type="categorical") > > I want to get a table with probes and corresponding values in each group. > the data.frame dmp1 does not tell me which group has what value? How can I > do that? It's not clear what you mean by 'probes and corresponding values in each group'. I am not sure what a corresponding value is. If I make the assumption that you want the coefficients from the model fit, then you can do design <- model.matrix(~pd$Sample_Group) fit <- lmFit(M, design) and then fit$coefficients has the coefficients. Or perhaps you just want the methylation values? The M-values are in your M matrix, and if you prefer betas, you can use getBeta(MSet.norm). You might also just want the mean of each group. In which case it would be easier to do design <- model.matrix(~0+pd$Sample_Group) fit <- lmFit(M, design) and then fit$coefficients will contain the mean value for each group, by probe. Best, Jim > > > sessionInfo() > R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) > Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit) > > locale: > [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C > [3] LC_TIME=en_US.utf8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 > [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.utf8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.utf8 > [7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C > [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C > [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C > > attached base packages: > [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base > > other attached packages: > [1] minfiData_0.3.1 > [2] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kmanifest_0.4.0 > [3] minfi_1.4.0 > [4] Biostrings_2.26.3 > [5] GenomicRanges_1.10.7 > [6] IRanges_1.16.6 > [7] reshape_0.8.4 > [8] plyr_1.8 > [9] lattice_0.20-15 > [10] Biobase_2.18.0 > [11] BiocGenerics_0.4.0 > > loaded via a namespace (and not attached): > [1] affyio_1.26.0 annotate_1.36.0 AnnotationDbi_1.20.7 > [4] beanplot_1.1 BiocInstaller_1.8.3 bit_1.1-10 > [7] codetools_0.2-8 crlmm_1.16.9 DBI_0.2-7 > [10] ellipse_0.3-8 ff_2.2-11 foreach_1.4.0 > [13] genefilter_1.40.0 grid_2.15.2 iterators_1.0.6 > [16] limma_3.14.4 MASS_7.3-23 Matrix_1.0-12 > [19] matrixStats_0.8.1 mclust_4.1 multtest_2.14.0 > [22] mvtnorm_0.9-9994 nor1mix_1.1-4 oligoClasses_1.20.0 > [25] parallel_2.15.2 preprocessCore_1.20.0 RColorBrewer_1.0-5 > [28] RcppEigen_0.3.1.2.1 R.methodsS3_1.4.2 RSQLite_0.11.3 > [31] siggenes_1.32.0 splines_2.15.2 stats4_2.15.2 > [34] survival_2.37-4 tools_2.15.2 XML_3.96-1.1 > [37] xtable_1.7-1 zlibbioc_1.4.0 > > > > Regards, > Srikanth > > -- James W. MacDonald, M.S. Biostatistician University of Washington Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 Seattle WA 98105-6099
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Hi James, Thanks for the response. I am a bit new to this kind of analysis. When I use and dmpFinder on three different groups Vs Control and I export the results as data.frame, I only get columns corresponding to probeid, intercept and F, p and q values but not the group name. I want to have data in the form how the plotCpG function works (to see a difference in methylation across the three groups). How can I achieve this? My initial goal: Find significantly different probes across three different grades of cancer samples. Map the probes to gene regions (like promotes, gene body, UTR, etc) Find enriched regions. Any help for the above tasks is appreciated. Thanks Srikanth On Wed, Jun 19, 2013 at 7:06 PM, James W. MacDonald <jmacdon@uw.edu> wrote: > Hi Srinivas, > > > On 6/19/2013 5:21 AM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: > >> Hello Members, >> >> I am using Minfi package to analyze 450k data. I have three different >> groups of samples and one common control. I did the normalization and >> other >> steps according to manual, but stuck at the differential methylation >> positions. When I use: >> >> M<- getM(MSet.norm, type = "beta", betaThreshold = 0.001) >> dmp1<- dmpFinder(M, pheno=pd$Sample_Group, type="categorical") >> >> I want to get a table with probes and corresponding values in each group. >> the data.frame dmp1 does not tell me which group has what value? How can I >> do that? >> > > It's not clear what you mean by 'probes and corresponding values in each > group'. I am not sure what a corresponding value is. > > If I make the assumption that you want the coefficients from the model > fit, then you can do > > design <- model.matrix(~pd$Sample_Group) > fit <- lmFit(M, design) > > and then fit$coefficients has the coefficients. Or perhaps you just want > the methylation values? The M-values are in your M matrix, and if you > prefer betas, you can use getBeta(MSet.norm). > > You might also just want the mean of each group. In which case it would be > easier to do > > design <- model.matrix(~0+pd$Sample_**Group) > fit <- lmFit(M, design) > > and then fit$coefficients will contain the mean value for each group, by > probe. > > Best, > > Jim > > > > >> >> sessionInfo() >> R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit) >> >> locale: >> [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C >> [3] LC_TIME=en_US.utf8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 >> [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.utf8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.utf8 >> [7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C >> [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C >> [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C >> >> attached base packages: >> [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base >> >> other attached packages: >> [1] minfiData_0.3.1 >> [2] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kma**nifest_0.4.0 >> [3] minfi_1.4.0 >> [4] Biostrings_2.26.3 >> [5] GenomicRanges_1.10.7 >> [6] IRanges_1.16.6 >> [7] reshape_0.8.4 >> [8] plyr_1.8 >> [9] lattice_0.20-15 >> [10] Biobase_2.18.0 >> [11] BiocGenerics_0.4.0 >> >> loaded via a namespace (and not attached): >> [1] affyio_1.26.0 annotate_1.36.0 AnnotationDbi_1.20.7 >> [4] beanplot_1.1 BiocInstaller_1.8.3 bit_1.1-10 >> [7] codetools_0.2-8 crlmm_1.16.9 DBI_0.2-7 >> [10] ellipse_0.3-8 ff_2.2-11 foreach_1.4.0 >> [13] genefilter_1.40.0 grid_2.15.2 iterators_1.0.6 >> [16] limma_3.14.4 MASS_7.3-23 Matrix_1.0-12 >> [19] matrixStats_0.8.1 mclust_4.1 multtest_2.14.0 >> [22] mvtnorm_0.9-9994 nor1mix_1.1-4 oligoClasses_1.20.0 >> [25] parallel_2.15.2 preprocessCore_1.20.0 RColorBrewer_1.0-5 >> [28] RcppEigen_0.3.1.2.1 R.methodsS3_1.4.2 RSQLite_0.11.3 >> [31] siggenes_1.32.0 splines_2.15.2 stats4_2.15.2 >> [34] survival_2.37-4 tools_2.15.2 XML_3.96-1.1 >> [37] xtable_1.7-1 zlibbioc_1.4.0 >> >> >> >> Regards, >> Srikanth >> >> >> > -- > James W. MacDonald, M.S. > Biostatistician > University of Washington > Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences > 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 > Seattle WA 98105-6099 > > -- Srinivas Srikanth Manda Ph.D. Student Institute of Bioinformatics Discoverer, 7th Floor, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India Mob:+919019114878 [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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Hi Srikanth, On 6/19/2013 12:02 PM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: > Hi James, > > Thanks for the response. I am a bit new to this kind of analysis. When > I use and dmpFinder on three different groups Vs Control and I export > the results as data.frame, I only get columns corresponding to > probeid, intercept and F, p and q values but not the group name. I > want to have data in the form how the plotCpG function works (to see a > difference in methylation across the three groups). How can I achieve > this? > > My initial goal: > Find significantly different probes across three different grades of > cancer samples. You should note that dmpFinder() does just what you are asking, finding probes that are significantly different across one or more of your sample types. However, it is fitting a particular model that you might not like, and doing an F-test for ANY difference. You may want to do more directed analyses. To that end, note that dmpFinder() is just a nice wrapper for doing the analysis, and you don't have to use it. You can just as easily use limma to do the univariate analyses. I won't get into details here, as the limma User's Guide has any number of examples you could emulate (and I have already given you a head start below). > Map the probes to gene regions (like promotes, gene body, UTR, etc) See ?mapToGenome for mapping the probes to genomic coordinates. You will then need to map significantly differentially methylated regions to genomic features and maybe make some nice plots. This isn't super difficult, but it does require a fair amount of base knowledge of a bunch of packages. You should probably peruse the following: http://bioconductor.org/help/course- materials/2013/SeattleFeb2013/IntermediateSequenceAnalysis2013.pdf which covers a lot of what you want to do (differential methylation isn't particularly different in a lot of respects from e.g., RNA-seq or whatever. You have a genomic position that you think is 'interesting' and you might want to know if there is any known <something> nearby. The only difference is why you think it is interesting.). There is no substitute for just trying to do something and doing your best to figure out why things aren't working. Search the list, read the vignettes, read the help pages. Best, Jim > Find enriched regions. > > Any help for the above tasks is appreciated. > > > Thanks > Srikanth > > > > > > On Wed, Jun 19, 2013 at 7:06 PM, James W. MacDonald <jmacdon at="" uw.edu=""> <mailto:jmacdon at="" uw.edu="">> wrote: > > Hi Srinivas, > > > On 6/19/2013 5:21 AM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: > > Hello Members, > > I am using Minfi package to analyze 450k data. I have three > different > groups of samples and one common control. I did the > normalization and other > steps according to manual, but stuck at the differential > methylation > positions. When I use: > > M<- getM(MSet.norm, type = "beta", betaThreshold = 0.001) > dmp1<- dmpFinder(M, pheno=pd$Sample_Group, type="categorical") > > I want to get a table with probes and corresponding values in > each group. > the data.frame dmp1 does not tell me which group has what > value? How can I > do that? > > > It's not clear what you mean by 'probes and corresponding values > in each group'. I am not sure what a corresponding value is. > > If I make the assumption that you want the coefficients from the > model fit, then you can do > > design <- model.matrix(~pd$Sample_Group) > fit <- lmFit(M, design) > > and then fit$coefficients has the coefficients. Or perhaps you > just want the methylation values? The M-values are in your M > matrix, and if you prefer betas, you can use getBeta(MSet.norm). > > You might also just want the mean of each group. In which case it > would be easier to do > > design <- model.matrix(~0+pd$Sample_Group) > fit <- lmFit(M, design) > > and then fit$coefficients will contain the mean value for each > group, by probe. > > Best, > > Jim > > > > > > sessionInfo() > R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) > Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit) > > locale: > [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C > [3] LC_TIME=en_US.utf8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 > [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.utf8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.utf8 > [7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C > [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C > [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C > > attached base packages: > [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods > base > > other attached packages: > [1] minfiData_0.3.1 > [2] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kmanifest_0.4.0 > [3] minfi_1.4.0 > [4] Biostrings_2.26.3 > [5] GenomicRanges_1.10.7 > [6] IRanges_1.16.6 > [7] reshape_0.8.4 > [8] plyr_1.8 > [9] lattice_0.20-15 > [10] Biobase_2.18.0 > [11] BiocGenerics_0.4.0 > > loaded via a namespace (and not attached): > [1] affyio_1.26.0 annotate_1.36.0 > AnnotationDbi_1.20.7 > [4] beanplot_1.1 BiocInstaller_1.8.3 bit_1.1-10 > [7] codetools_0.2-8 crlmm_1.16.9 DBI_0.2-7 > [10] ellipse_0.3-8 ff_2.2-11 foreach_1.4.0 > [13] genefilter_1.40.0 grid_2.15.2 iterators_1.0.6 > [16] limma_3.14.4 MASS_7.3-23 Matrix_1.0-12 > [19] matrixStats_0.8.1 mclust_4.1 multtest_2.14.0 > [22] mvtnorm_0.9-9994 nor1mix_1.1-4 > oligoClasses_1.20.0 > [25] parallel_2.15.2 preprocessCore_1.20.0 > RColorBrewer_1.0-5 > [28] RcppEigen_0.3.1.2.1 R.methodsS3_1.4.2 RSQLite_0.11.3 > [31] siggenes_1.32.0 splines_2.15.2 stats4_2.15.2 > [34] survival_2.37-4 tools_2.15.2 XML_3.96-1.1 > [37] xtable_1.7-1 zlibbioc_1.4.0 > > > > Regards, > Srikanth > > > > -- > James W. MacDonald, M.S. > Biostatistician > University of Washington > Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences > 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 > Seattle WA 98105-6099 > > > > > -- > Srinivas Srikanth Manda > Ph.D. Student > Institute of Bioinformatics > Discoverer, 7th Floor, > International Technology Park, > Bangalore, India > Mob:+919019114878 -- James W. MacDonald, M.S. Biostatistician University of Washington Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 Seattle WA 98105-6099
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Thanks James On Wed, Jun 19, 2013 at 10:04 PM, James W. MacDonald <jmacdon@uw.edu> wrote: > Hi Srikanth, > > > On 6/19/2013 12:02 PM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: > >> Hi James, >> >> Thanks for the response. I am a bit new to this kind of analysis. When I >> use and dmpFinder on three different groups Vs Control and I export the >> results as data.frame, I only get columns corresponding to probeid, >> intercept and F, p and q values but not the group name. I want to have data >> in the form how the plotCpG function works (to see a difference in >> methylation across the three groups). How can I achieve this? >> >> My initial goal: >> Find significantly different probes across three different grades of >> cancer samples. >> > > You should note that dmpFinder() does just what you are asking, finding > probes that are significantly different across one or more of your sample > types. However, it is fitting a particular model that you might not like, > and doing an F-test for ANY difference. You may want to do more directed > analyses. > > To that end, note that dmpFinder() is just a nice wrapper for doing the > analysis, and you don't have to use it. You can just as easily use limma to > do the univariate analyses. I won't get into details here, as the limma > User's Guide has any number of examples you could emulate (and I have > already given you a head start below). > > > > Map the probes to gene regions (like promotes, gene body, UTR, etc) >> > > See ?mapToGenome for mapping the probes to genomic coordinates. You will > then need to map significantly differentially methylated regions to genomic > features and maybe make some nice plots. This isn't super difficult, but it > does require a fair amount of base knowledge of a bunch of packages. > > You should probably peruse the following: > > http://bioconductor.org/help/**course- materials/2013/**SeattleFeb2013/** > IntermediateSequenceAnalysis20**13.pdf<http: bioconductor.org="" help="" course-="" materials="" 2013="" seattlefeb2013="" intermediatesequenceanalysis2013.pdf=""> > > which covers a lot of what you want to do (differential methylation isn't > particularly different in a lot of respects from e.g., RNA-seq or whatever. > You have a genomic position that you think is 'interesting' and you might > want to know if there is any known <something> nearby. The only difference > is why you think it is interesting.). > > There is no substitute for just trying to do something and doing your best > to figure out why things aren't working. Search the list, read the > vignettes, read the help pages. > > Best, > > Jim > > > > Find enriched regions. >> >> Any help for the above tasks is appreciated. >> >> >> Thanks >> Srikanth >> >> >> >> >> >> On Wed, Jun 19, 2013 at 7:06 PM, James W. MacDonald <jmacdon@uw.edu<mailto:>> jmacdon@uw.edu>> wrote: >> >> Hi Srinivas, >> >> >> On 6/19/2013 5:21 AM, Srinivas Srikanth Manda wrote: >> >> Hello Members, >> >> I am using Minfi package to analyze 450k data. I have three >> different >> groups of samples and one common control. I did the >> normalization and other >> steps according to manual, but stuck at the differential >> methylation >> positions. When I use: >> >> M<- getM(MSet.norm, type = "beta", betaThreshold = 0.001) >> dmp1<- dmpFinder(M, pheno=pd$Sample_Group, type="categorical") >> >> I want to get a table with probes and corresponding values in >> each group. >> the data.frame dmp1 does not tell me which group has what >> value? How can I >> do that? >> >> >> It's not clear what you mean by 'probes and corresponding values >> in each group'. I am not sure what a corresponding value is. >> >> If I make the assumption that you want the coefficients from the >> model fit, then you can do >> >> design <- model.matrix(~pd$Sample_Group) >> fit <- lmFit(M, design) >> >> and then fit$coefficients has the coefficients. Or perhaps you >> just want the methylation values? The M-values are in your M >> matrix, and if you prefer betas, you can use getBeta(MSet.norm). >> >> You might also just want the mean of each group. In which case it >> would be easier to do >> >> design <- model.matrix(~0+pd$Sample_**Group) >> fit <- lmFit(M, design) >> >> and then fit$coefficients will contain the mean value for each >> group, by probe. >> >> Best, >> >> Jim >> >> >> >> >> >> sessionInfo() >> R version 2.15.2 (2012-10-26) >> Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit) >> >> locale: >> [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C >> [3] LC_TIME=en_US.utf8 LC_COLLATE=en_US.utf8 >> [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.utf8 LC_MESSAGES=en_US.utf8 >> [7] LC_PAPER=C LC_NAME=C >> [9] LC_ADDRESS=C LC_TELEPHONE=C >> [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.utf8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C >> >> attached base packages: >> [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods >> base >> >> other attached packages: >> [1] minfiData_0.3.1 >> [2] IlluminaHumanMethylation450kma**nifest_0.4.0 >> [3] minfi_1.4.0 >> [4] Biostrings_2.26.3 >> [5] GenomicRanges_1.10.7 >> [6] IRanges_1.16.6 >> [7] reshape_0.8.4 >> [8] plyr_1.8 >> [9] lattice_0.20-15 >> [10] Biobase_2.18.0 >> [11] BiocGenerics_0.4.0 >> >> loaded via a namespace (and not attached): >> [1] affyio_1.26.0 annotate_1.36.0 >> AnnotationDbi_1.20.7 >> [4] beanplot_1.1 BiocInstaller_1.8.3 bit_1.1-10 >> [7] codetools_0.2-8 crlmm_1.16.9 DBI_0.2-7 >> [10] ellipse_0.3-8 ff_2.2-11 foreach_1.4.0 >> [13] genefilter_1.40.0 grid_2.15.2 iterators_1.0.6 >> [16] limma_3.14.4 MASS_7.3-23 Matrix_1.0-12 >> [19] matrixStats_0.8.1 mclust_4.1 multtest_2.14.0 >> [22] mvtnorm_0.9-9994 nor1mix_1.1-4 >> oligoClasses_1.20.0 >> [25] parallel_2.15.2 preprocessCore_1.20.0 >> RColorBrewer_1.0-5 >> [28] RcppEigen_0.3.1.2.1 R.methodsS3_1.4.2 RSQLite_0.11.3 >> [31] siggenes_1.32.0 splines_2.15.2 stats4_2.15.2 >> [34] survival_2.37-4 tools_2.15.2 XML_3.96-1.1 >> [37] xtable_1.7-1 zlibbioc_1.4.0 >> >> >> >> Regards, >> Srikanth >> >> >> >> -- James W. MacDonald, M.S. >> Biostatistician >> University of Washington >> Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences >> 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 >> Seattle WA 98105-6099 >> >> >> >> >> -- >> Srinivas Srikanth Manda >> Ph.D. Student >> Institute of Bioinformatics >> Discoverer, 7th Floor, >> International Technology Park, >> Bangalore, India >> Mob:+919019114878 >> > > -- > James W. MacDonald, M.S. > Biostatistician > University of Washington > Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences > 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, # 100 > Seattle WA 98105-6099 > > -- Srinivas Srikanth Manda Ph.D. Student Institute of Bioinformatics Discoverer, 7th Floor, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India Mob:+919019114878 [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
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